What is Erbium iodide?

Erbium iodide is insoluble in water, and is often used in the synthesis of fine chemicals, and as a heat and light stabilzer for nylon fabrics. Erbium Iodide is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.Iodide compounds are used in internal medicine. Treating an iodide with manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid sublimes the iodine.
Erbium is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The amount of electrons in anniversary of Erbium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 and its cyberbanking agreement is [Xe]4f12 6s2. In its basal anatomy erbium's CAS amount is 7440-52-0. The erbium atom has a ambit of 173.4.pm and it's Van der Waals ambit is unknown. Erbium is moderately toxic. Erbium has appliance in bottle coloring, as an amplifier in cilia optics, and in lasers for medical and dental use.Erbium Bohr Model Erbium is Basal Erbiumavailable as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS brand to ultra-high purity); metals in the anatomy of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. The ion has a actual attenuated assimilation bandage appearance erbium salts pink. It is accordingly acclimated in eyeware and adorning glassware. It can abrogate discoloring algae such as adamant ions and aftermath a aloof gray shade. It is acclimated in a array of bottle articles for this purpose. It is decidedly advantageous as an amplifier for cilia optic abstracts transfer. Erbium was aboriginal apparent by Carl Mosander in 1843. Erbium is called afterwards the Swedish town, Ytterby. See Erbium analysis below.
Erbium diminutive and diminutive weight, diminutive amount and basal attribute Iodine is a Block P, Group 17, Period 5 element. The amount of electrons in anniversary of Iodine's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 and its cyberbanking agreement is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5. In its basal anatomy iodine's CAS amount is 7553-56-2. The iodine atom has a ambit of 133.1.pm and it's Van der Waals ambit is 198.pm. Iodine in ample amounts is poisonous but in baby doses is alone hardly toxic. Iodine forms compounds with abounding elements, but is beneath alive than the added halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, Iodine Bohr Modelcarbon tetrachloride, or carbonElemental Iodine disulfide to anatomy amethyst solutions. It is alone hardly acrid in water. Iodine compounds are important in amoebic allure and actual advantageous in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The abysmal dejected blush with starch band-aid is appropriate of the chargeless element.Iodine is accessible in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS brand to ultra-high purity). See Iodine analysis below. Iodine it forms compounds with abounding elements, but is beneath alive than the added halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to anatomy amethyst solutions. It is alone hardly acrid in water. Iodine compounds are important in amoebic allure and actual advantageous in medicine. Iodide, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are acclimated internally in medicine. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The abysmal dejected blush with starch band-aid is appropriate of the chargeless element.Iodine is accessible in compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS brand to ultra-high purity). See Iodine analysis below.
More about: Erbium iodide sale
Read more: Metal products

What is Hexachloroiridic acid hexahydrate used for?

Hexachloroiridic acid hexahydrate
Synonyms Hydrogen hexachloroiridate (IV) hexahydrate
Molecular Formula H2IrCl6.6(H2O)
Molecular Weight 515.04
CAS Registry Number 16941-92-7
Density 1.02
Melting point 65 ºC
Appearance: Red brown solid powder
Hexachloroiridic acid hexahydrate is used for manufacturing coating electrode ,is an important catalyst of chemical industry and material of Iridium reagent .
Hexachloroiridic acerbic hexahydrate absorbs damp calmly , can acrid in water, hydrochloric acerbic and alcohol.It can accident of clear baptize to breach down if apparent to able heat.It is acclimated in the accomplish of coated electrodes and is an important actinic reagent iridium agitator and raw materials.
More about: Hexachloroiridic acid hexahydrate sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Caesium bromide used for?

Caesium bromide, (CsBr), is an ionic admixture of caesium and bromine. It has simple cubic p-type cubic crystallic structure, commensurable to that of caesium chloride blazon with amplitude accumulation Pm3m and filigree connected a = 0.42953 nm. Distance amid Cs and Br atoms is 0.37198 nm.
The absolute amalgam is a active acknowledgment of cesium with added halogens. Due to its expensiveness, it is not acclimated for preparation.
Uses
Caesium boiler is sometimes acclimated in eyes as a beamsplitter basic in wide-band spectrophotometers.
More about: Buy Caesium bromide
Read more: Metal products

What is Metal powder dust?

Metal powders are precisely engineered materials that meet a wide range of performance requirements. These engineered materials offer wide latitude to develop materials with properties tailored to the application through metal alloying. These engineering properties are affected by several factors that include material type, powder fabrication process and the component manufacturing process
Powder metallurgy  is a highly developed method of manufacturing reliable ferrous and non-ferrous metal parts. The process entails mixing powders and compacting in a die to give shapes that are then sintered or heated to bond particles metallurgically. As more than 97% of the starting materials reach the finished product, powder metallurgy is a process that conserves both energy and materials.
Metal powder technology is one of the most established production methods nowadays in all kinds of industries
Metals commonly used in powder form include iron, steel tin, nickel, copper, aluminum and titanium. Refractory metals include tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum. Bronze, brass, stainless steel and nickel cobalt alloys are also used.
Metal powder dusts are made either by gas atomization , or grinding , and are then classified using dynamic classifiers or cyclones to obtain the precise particle size distribution. To form the final end-user product, the metal powders are then used in various consolidation processes such as extrusion, injection molding, blending, compaction, sintering.
The metal powders are characterized by their morphology, which can be described as irregular, blocky or spherical, and powder size. Physical properties such as hardness and ductility, chemical properties such as reactivity and impurities, and bulk properties such as flow properties, apparent density, tap density, compressibility, and green strength are among the properties by which the metal powders are characterized. High quality fine metal powders that are free of refractory and oxide contaminants with a narrow particle size distribution are used for the production of plasma spray coating targets as well as for the production of structural and functional materials.
Inert gas atomization, combined with melting under vacuum or under protective atmosphere therefore is the leading powder-making process for the production of high-grade metal powders which have to meet specific quality criteria such as spherical shape, high cleanliness, rapid solidification, homogeneous microstructure.
Metal powders are used in a wide variety of applications which include dietary supplements in food processing, additives in paint and other coatings, as pigments in printing and packaging, in solid fuels and cements. Probably the major area though is in the cost-effective production of metal components for a vast array of end uses.
Iron powder companies have introduced new powders for high-performance applications and aiming R&D at lower-cost alloying elements, bonding technology and high-density processes. A vacuum annealed tool steel powder was commercialized last year that allows routine compacting and sintering without adding graphite. Copper powder makers have developed materials for new applications such as metal injection molding, frangible bullets, heat management and welding electrodes.
Metal powder makers are developing new high-density steels and processes to achieve a density of 7.5 grams per cubic centimeter by single pressing and sintering. Achieving densities of 7.5 and above will certainly open up new markets, with PM gears and sprockets for automotive transmissions being but two such potential applications. Nonferrous powder producers are also developing new materials such as super high-strength bronze alloys for PM gears. Some other new applications for copper-base powder s include cold spraying, lead-free brazing alloys and special materials for frangible bullets.
Industry trends indicate the need for economical fine powder grades for a growing number of applications.
Particle size, shape and percentage yields are the important characteristics associated with the manufacture of suitable powders.
Advancements in high pressure water atomization
technology can now produce fine powders with unique physical characteristics.
Fine particle size distributions with shape modification, without requiring additional mechanical or thermal secondary operations, provide suitable alternatives to more costly inert gas atomization processes.
More about: Metal powder dust sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

Main uses of Rhodium Powder

Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed with similar metals, and never as a chemical compound. It is one of the rarest precious metals and one of the most costly (gold has since taken over the top spot of cost per ounce).
Rhodium is a so-called noble metal, resistant to corrosion, found in platinum- or nickel ores together with the other members of the platinum group metals. It was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in one such ore, and named for the rose color of one of its chlorine compounds, produced after it reacted with the powerful acid mixture aqua regia.
The element's major use (about 81% of world rhodium production) is as one of the catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters of automobiles. Because rhodium metal is inert against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals, and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance.
Applications
The primary use of this element is in automobiles as a catalytic converter, which changes harmful emissions from the engine into less polluting gases.
Catalyst
In 2007, 81% of the world production of Rhodium was consumed to produce three-way catalytic converters. Rhodium shows some advantages over the other platinum metals in the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen: 2 NOx → x O2 + N2
The recycling of catalytic converters also became a valuable source for rhodium. In 2007, 5.7 t were extracted from this source. Compared to the 22 t which had been mined, this is a relatively high recycling rate.
Rhodium-based catalysts are used in a number of industrial processes; notably, in the automobile catalytic converters and for catalytic carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid by the Monsanto process. It is also used to catalyze addition of hydrosilanes to molecular double bonds, a process important in manufacture of certain silicone rubbers. Rhodium catalysts are also used to reduce benzene to cyclohexane.
Ornamental uses
Rhodium finds use in jewelry and for decorations. It is electroplated on white gold and platinum to give it a reflective white surface. This is known as rhodium flashing in the jewelry business. It may also be used in coating sterling silver to protect against tarnish, which is silver sulfide (Ag2S) produced from the atmospheric hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Solid (pure) rhodium jewelry is very rare, because the metal has both high melting point and poor malleability (making such jewelry very hard to fabricate) rather than due to its high price. Additionally, its high cost assures that most of its jewelry usage is in the form of tiny amounts of powder (commonly called rhodium sponge) dissolved into electroplating solutions.
More about: Rhodium Powder sale
Read more: Metal products

What is Water Atomized Copper Powder with low apparent density?

PROPERTIES
Light rosy irregular similar to spherical powder.
APPLICATION of Water Atomized Copper Powder with low apparent density
Diamond Tools, P/M Parts, chemical catalyst, carbon brushes, friction materials, spraying materials, and welding electrodes.
It can be used in Diamond Tools,powder metallurgy parts,Chemical catalyst,Carbon brushes and Friction materials and welding electrodes
PACKING AND STORAGE
Iron barrel with plastic bag lining.
Carefully keep away from moist and damp. Store in dry and ventilating place.
Water Atomized Copper Powder manufacturing process
Bronze copper is a copper zinc smelting, the raw materials, mainly through spray powder, ball grinding and polishing process of extremely slight flake metal powder, also called copper zinc alloy powder, commonly known as gold powders.
Bronze powders and forming of hue
Copper alloy for composition is different, surface can show latosolic red, yellow, white colour with purple even zinc content of different, bronze powders in many kinds of different hue, containing zinc is less than 10% produce pale gold effect, called the red gold, 10-25% produce rich light golden effect, called green red gold, 25% -- 30% produce rich light golden effect, called green gold.
More about: Water Atomized Copper Powder with low apparent density sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

Applications of Potassium iodide

Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KI. This white salt is the most commercially significant iodide compound, with approximately 37,000 tons produced in 1985. It is less hygroscopic (absorbs water less readily) than sodium iodide, making it easier to work with. Aged and impure samples are yellow because of aerial oxidation of the iodide to elemental iodine.
Potassium iodide is medicinally supplied in 130 mg tablets for emergency purposes. Potassium iodide may also be administered as a "saturated solution of potassium iodide" (SSKI) which in the U.S.P. generic formulation contains 1000 mg of KI per mL of solution. This represents 333 mg KI and about 250 mg iodide (I -) in a typical adult dose of 5 drops, assumed to be ⅓ mL. Because SSKI is a viscous liquid, it is normally assumed to contain 15 drops/milliliter, not 20 drops/milliliter as is often assumed for water. Thus, each drop of U.S.P. SSKI is assumed to contain about 50 mg iodine as iodide, I -. Thus, two (2) drops of U.S.P. SSKI solution is equivalent to one 130 mg KI tablet (100 mg iodide).
Applications
Industry
KI is a precursor to silver iodide (AgI) an important chemical in photography. KI is a component in some disinfectants and hair treatment chemicals. KI is also used as a fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research, an application that takes advantage of collisional quenching of fluorescent substances by the iodide ion. However, for several fluorophores addition of KI in µM-mM concentrations results in increase of fluorescence intensity, and Iodide acts as fluorescence enhancer. Potassium iodide is a component in the electrolyte of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) along with iodine. It finds its applications mainly in organic synthesis for the preparation of Aryl iodides [Sandmeyer Reaction] from Aryl amine
Nutrition
The major uses of KI include use as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds and also the human diet. For the latter, it is the most common additive used to "iodize" table salt (a public health measure to prevent iodine deficiency in populations which get little seafood). The oxidation of iodide causes slow loss of iodine content from iodised salts that are exposed to excess air. The alkali metal iodide salt, over time and exposure to excess oxygen and carbon dioxide, slowly oxidizes to metal carbonate and elemental iodine, which then evaporates. Potassium iodate is used to add iodine to some salts so that the iodine is not lost by oxidation.
For reasons noted above, therapeutic drops of SSKI, or 130 mg tablets of KI as used for nuclear fission accidents, are not used as nutritional supplements, since an SSKI drop or nuclear-emergency tablet provides 300 to 700 times more iodine than the daily adult nutritional requirement. Dedicated nutritional iodide tablets containing 0.15 mg (150 microgram or mcg) of iodide, from KI or from various other sources (such as kelp extract) are marketed as supplements, but they are not to be confused with the much higher pharmaceutical dose preparations.
Pharmaceutical applications
Potassium iodide can be conveniently prepared as a saturated solution, abbreviated SSKI. This method of delivering potassium iodide does not require a method to weigh out the potassium iodide so it can be used in an emergency situation. KI crystals are simply added to water until no more KI will dissolve and instead sits at the bottom of the container. With pure water, the concentration of KI in the solution depends only on the temperature. Potassium iodide is highly soluble in water so SSKI is a concentrated source of KI. At 20 degrees Celsius the solubility of KI is 140-148 grams per 100 grams of water. Because the volumes of KI and water are approximately additive, the resulting SSKI solution will contain about 1.40 gram (1400 mg) KI per milliliter (mL) of solution. This is 100% weight/volume (note units of mass concentration) of KI (one gram KI per mL solution), which is possible because SSKI is significantly more dense than pure water—about 1.72 g/mL. Because KI is about 76.4% iodide by weight, SSKI contains about 764 mg iodide per mL. This concentration) of iodide allows the calculation of the iodide dose per drop, if one knows the number of drops per milliliter. For SSKI, a solution more viscous than water, there are assumed to be 15 drops per mL; the iodide dose is therefore approximately 51 mg per drop, assuming 15 drops/mL. It is conventionally rounded to 50 mg per drop.
More about: Potassium iodide sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Lithium iodide?

Lithium iodide, or LiI, is a compound of lithium and iodine. When exposed to air, it becomes yellow in color, due to the oxidation of iodide to iodine. It crystallizes in the NaCl motif. Various hydrates are also known.
Lithium iodide is used as an electrolyte for high temperature batteries. It is also used for long life batteries as required, for example, by artificial pacemakers. The solid is used as a phosphor for neutron detection.
In organic synthesis, LiI is useful for cleaving C-O bonds. For example it can be used to convert methyl esters to carboxylic acids: RCO2Me + LiI + H2O → RCO2H + LiOH
Similar reactions apply to epoxides and aziridines.
More about: Lithium iodide sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Yttrium(III) oxide used for?

Yttrium(III) oxide is Y2O3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium oxide is acclimated as a accepted starting actual for both abstracts science as able-bodied as asleep compounds.
Uses
It is the most important yttrium compound and is widely used to make YVO4 europium and Y2O3 europium phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes. Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnets, which are very effective microwave filters.
Y2O3 is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents
Yttrium oxide is an important starting point for inorganic compounds. For organometallic chemistry it is converted to YCl3 in a reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride.
Yttrium(III) oxide is a prospective solid-state laser material. In particular, lasers with ytterbium as dopant allow the efficient operation both in cw operation  and in pulsed regimes. At high concentration of excitations (of order of 1%) and poor cooling, the quenching of emission at laser frequency and avalanche broadband emission takes place.
More about: Yttrium(III) oxide sale
Read more: Metal products

Descriptions of Phosphors for Fluorescent HPMV Lamps

 

Description of Phosphors for Fluorescent HPMV Lamps

Phosphors for Fluorescent HPMV Lamps are white powder.
Phosphors for Fluorescent HPMV Lamps can be used in HPMV lamps and can change emmission color and improve color-rendering properties.
A phosphor, a lot of generally, is a actuality that exhibits the abnormality of luminescence. Somewhat confusingly, this includes both ablaze materials, which appearance a apathetic adulteration in accuracy (>1ms), and beaming materials, area the discharge adulteration takes abode over tens of nanoseconds. Ablaze abstracts are accepted for their use in alarm screens and glow-in-the-dark toys, admitting beaming abstracts are accepted in CRT and claret video affectation screens, sensors, and white LEDs.
Phosphors are generally alteration metal compounds or attenuate apple compounds of assorted types. The a lot of accepted uses of phosphors are in CRT displays and beaming lights. CRT phosphors were connected alpha about World War II and appointed by the letter "P" followed by a number.
More about: Phosphors for Fluorescent HPMV Lamps sale
Read more: Metal products

What is Long Persistence Phosphors?

Long Persistence Phosphors can be mixed with various transparent resins, such as acrylic acid resin, polyurethane, epoxy, amino, polyvinyl butyral, and polyamide resin, becoming luminous paint and printing ink. The recommended percentage of long persistence phosphor in paint is about 10 - 50%, however, 30 - 60% in printing ink. First, these resins should be dissolved with some appropriate solvents into a solution, then long persistence phosphor will be added into the solution. Some anti-precipitating agents, ridding foaming agents and dispersing agents also need to be added into the solution, well mixed into a uniform solution by using a high speed mixer. However it must be avoided to grind them with mechanic abrader in order to keep the property of the pigment. In the case to use sand abrader becomes necessary, the grinding time should be as short as possible.
Some phosphor materials show a long persistent phosphorescence or afterglow, which can be exploited for various display, and signing applications such as paints and coatings for road signs, lighting, aviation and transportation, defense, construction, architectural design and decoration, accenting, artistic works, energy conservation, clothing and writing implements. Phosphorescent materials also find extensive application in photonics, in micro- (e.g., MEMS) and nano-devices.
Persistence times of ten hours or longer are now encountered in the literature and these materials have been named Long Persistence Phosphors (LPP). Only a few long persistence phosphors with outputs outside the blue and green spectral regions have been reported to date, and none on red or other long-wavelengths. Because their nature and of the fact that their mechanisms for capturing energy are complicated and not totally understood, there were no existing general techniques which allow the synthesis of the persistent materials with designated coloration (emission) and/or lifetimes. The greatest majority of the existing LPP’s are expensive, reactive toward moisture, of difficult manufacture or environmentally unsafe.
More about: Long Persistence Phosphors sale
Read more: Metal products

What is Phosphors for plasma display panel?

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because the technology utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.
Advantages
Picture quality
Capable of producing deeper blacks allowing for superior contrast ratio
Wider viewing angles than those of LCD; images do not suffer from degradation at high angles like LCDs
Less visible motion blur, thanks in large part to very high refresh rates and a faster response time, contributing to superior performance when displaying content with significant amounts of rapid motion (though newer LCD screens have similar refresh rates, but that also introduces the soap opera effect).
A phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence. Somewhat confusingly, this includes both phosphorescent materials, which show a slow decay in brightness (>1ms), and fluorescent materials, where the emission decay takes place over tens of nanoseconds. Phosphorescent materials are known for their use in radar screens and glow-in-the-dark toys, whereas fluorescent materials are common in CRT and plasma video display screens, sensors, and white LEDs.
Phosphors are often transition metal compounds or rare earth compounds of various types. The most common uses of phosphors are in CRT displays and fluorescent lights. CRT phosphors were standardized beginning around World War II and designated by the letter "P" followed by a number.
Phosphorus, the chemical element named for its light-emitting behavior, emits light due to chemiluminescence, not phosphorescence
More about: Phosphors for plasma display panel sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

Applications of Chloroplatinic acid

Chloroplatinic acid or hexachloroplatinic acid is the chemical compound usually found as the hexahydrate with the formula H2PtCl6·(H2O)6. This is one of the most readily available soluble compounds of platinum. It is rarely obtained in the pure state. The commercial product is the oxonium salt of the hexachloroplatinate(IV) anion. Therefore, the correct formula is [H3O]2[PtCl6]·4H2O. The related palladium compound, [H3O]2[PdCl6] is extremely unstable and has not been isolated in pure form.
Chloroplatinic acid is produced by dissolving platinum metal sponge in aqua regia. This reaction is rumored to produce nitrogen-containing platinum compounds, but the product is H2PtCl6. Chloroplatinic acid is brownish-red, and can be isolated by evaporating this solution to a syrup.
Applications
Chloroplatinic acid was popularized for the determination of potassium. The potassium is selectively precipitated as potassium chloroplatinate. Determinations were done in 85% (v/v) alcohol solutions with excess platinate ions, and the precipitated product was weighed. Potassium could be detected for solutions as dilute as 0.02 to 0.2% (m/v).
This method for determination of potassium was advantageous vs. the cobaltinitrite method used previously, since it required a single precipitation reaction. Today, the concentration of potassium is determined with an ion-selective electrode. These modern methods remain subject to interference.
Purification of platinum
Treatment with an ammonium salt, such as ammonium chloride, gives ammonium hexachloroplatinate, which is very insoluble in ammonium solutions. Heating the ammonium salt in hydrogen reduces it to elemental platinum. Platinum is often isolated from ores or recycled from residues thus.
Catalysis
Like many platinum compounds, chloroplatinic acid is used in catalysis. This compound was first reported by John Speier and colleagues from Dow Corning Corporation to catalyze the reaction of silyl hydrides with olefins, hydrosilylation.(3) Typical of his reactions, Speier used isopropanol solutions containing trichlorosilane (SiHCl3), and methyldichlorosilane (CH3HSiCl2), with pentenes. Prior work on the addition of silanes to alkenes required radical reactions that were inefficient. It is generally agreed that chloroplatinic acid is a catalyst precursor, and more recent discussions have considered a possible role for colloidal platinum or zero-valent complexes.
More about: Chloroplatinic acid sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Sodium iodide used for?

Sodium iodide is a white, crystalline salt with chemical formula NaI used in radiation detection, treatment of iodine deficiency, and as a reactant in the Finkelstein reaction.
Uses
Sodium iodide is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency.
Sodium iodide is used in polymerase chain reactions, and also (as an acetone solution) in the Finkelstein reaction, for conversion of an alkyl chloride into an alkyl iodide. This relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction.
Sodium iodide activated with thallium, NaI(Tl), when subjected to ionizing radiation, emits photons (i.e., scintillate) and is used in scintillation detectors, traditionally in nuclear medicine, geophysics, nuclear physics, and environmental measurements. NaI(Tl) is the most widely used scintillation material and has the highest light yield of the commonly used scintillators. The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube, in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic. Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness, afterglow, transparency) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth. Crystals with a higher level of doping are used in X-ray detectors with high spectrometric quality. Sodium iodide can be used both as single crystals and as polycrystals for this purpose.
More about: Sodium iodide sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Metallic compounds?

Definition of Metallic compounds
A metallic compound is a compound that contains one or more metal elements.
Metallic compounds are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metallic compounds are very malleable and can be rolled into sheets and such and not break.
Metallic compounds are also ductile, which means they can be made to form wires.
Metallic bonding constitutes the electrostatic attractive forces between the delocalized electrons, called conduction electrons, gathered in an "electron sea", and the positively charged metal ions. Understood as the sharing of "free" electrons among a lattice of positively charged ions (cations), metallic bonding is sometimes compared with that of molten salts; however, this simplistic view holds true for very few metals. In a more quantum-mechanical view, the conduction electrons divide their density equally over all atoms that function as neutral (non-charged) entities. Metallic bonding accounts for many physical properties of metals, such as strength, malleability, ductility, thermal and electrical conductivity, opacity, and luster.
More about: Metallic compounds sale
Read more: Metal products

What is the characteristics of Rhodium Powder?

Rhodium is a actinic aspect that is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically apathetic alteration metal and a affiliate of the platinum group. It has the actinic attribute Rh and diminutive amount 45. It is composed of alone one isotope, 103Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is begin as the chargeless metal, adulterated with agnate metals, and never as a actinic compound. It is one of the rarest adored metals and one of the a lot of cher (gold has back taken over the top atom of amount per ounce).
Rhodium is a alleged blue-blooded metal, advancing to corrosion, begin in platinum- or nickel ores calm with the added associates of the platinum accumulation metals. It was apparent in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston in one such ore, and called for the rose blush of one of its chlorine compounds, produced afterwards it reacted with the able acerbic admixture aqua regia.
The element's above use (about 81% of apple rhodium production) is as one of the catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters of automobiles. Because rhodium metal is apathetic adjoin bane and a lot of advancing chemicals, and because of its rarity, rhodium is usually adulterated with platinum or aegis and activated in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is generally argent with a attenuate rhodium band to advance its optical consequence while admirable argent is generally rhodium argent for befoul resistance.
Rhodium detectors are acclimated in nuclear reactors to admeasurement the neutron alteration level.
Characteristics
Rhodium is a hard, silvery, durable metal that has a high reflectance. Rhodium metal does not normally form an oxide, even when heated. Oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere only at the melting point of rhodium, but is released on solidification. Rhodium has both a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. It is not attacked by most acids: it is completely insoluble in nitric acid and dissolves slightly in aqua regia.
Rhodium belongs to group 9 of the periodic table but has an atypical configuration in its outermost electron shells compared to the rest of the members. This can also be observed in the neighborhood of niobium (41), ruthenium (44), and palladium (46).
Naturally occurring rhodium is composed of only one isotope, 103Rh. The most stable radioisotopes are 101Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102Rh with a half-life of 207 days, 102mRh with a half-life of 2.9 years, and 99Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Twenty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 92.926 u (93Rh) to 116.925 u (117Rh). Most of these have half-lives shorter than an hour, except 100Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and 105Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous meta states, the most stable being 102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 2.9 years and 101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days. (See isotopes of rhodium).
The primary decay mode before the only stable isotope, 103Rh, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay product before 103Rh is ruthenium and the primary product after is palladium.
Applications
The primary use of this element is in automobiles as a catalytic converter, which changes harmful emissions from the engine into less polluting gases.
Rhodium is used as an alloying agent for hardening and improving the corrosion resistance of platinum and palladium. These alloys are used in furnace windings, bushings for glass fiber production, thermocouple elements, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, and laboratory crucibles.
More about: Rhodium Powder sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Potassium used for?

Potassium is the actinic aspect with the attribute K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and diminutive amount 19. Elemental potassium is a bendable silvery-white acrid metal that oxidizes rapidly in air and is actual acknowledging with water, breeding acceptable calefaction to burn the hydrogen emitted in the reaction.
Because potassium and sodium are chemically actual similar, it took a continued time afore their salts were differentiated. The actuality of assorted elements in their salts was doubtable from 1702, and this was accurate in 1807 if potassium and sodium were alone abandoned from altered salts by electrolysis. Potassium in attributes occurs alone in ionic salts. As such, it is begin attenuated in seawater (which is 0.04% potassium by weight), and is allotment of abounding minerals.
Most automated actinic applications of potassium apply the almost top solubility in baptize of potassium compounds, such as potassium soaps. Potassium metal has alone a few appropriate applications, getting replaced in a lot of actinic reactions with sodium metal.
Applications
Fertilizer
Potassium ions are an essential component of plant nutrition and are found in most soil types. They are used as a fertilizer in agriculture, horticulture, and hydroponic culture in the form of chloride (KCl), sulfate (K2SO4), or nitrate (KNO3). Agricultural fertilizers consume 95% of global potassium chemical production, and about 90% of this potassium is supplied as KCl. The potassium content of most plants range from 0.5% to 2% of the harvested weight of crops, conventionally expressed as amount of K2O. Modern high-yield agriculture depends upon fertilizers to replace the potassium lost at harvest. Most agricultural fertilizers contain potassium chloride, while potassium sulfate is used for chloride-sensitive crops or crops needing higher sulfur content. The sulfate is produced mostly by decomposition of the complex minerals kainite (MgSO4·KCl·3H2O) and langbeinite (MgSO4·K2SO4). Only a very few fertilizers contain potassium nitrate.In 2005, about 93% of world potassium production was consumed by the fertilizer industry.
Food
The potassium cation is a nutrient necessary for human life and health. Potassium chloride is used as a substitute for table salt by those seeking to reduce sodium intake so as to control hypertension. The USDA lists tomato paste, orange juice, beet greens, white beans, potatoes, bananas and many other good dietary sources of potassium, ranked in descending order according to potassium content.
Potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H4O6, Rochelle salt) is the main constituent of baking powder; it is also used in the silvering of mirrors. Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a strong oxidizer (E924), used to improve dough strength and rise height. Potassium bisulfite (KHSO3) is used as a food preservative, for example in wine and beer-making (but not in meats). It is also used to bleach textiles and straw, and in the tanning of leathers.
Industrial
Major potassium chemicals are potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride. Megatons of these compounds are produced annually.
Potassium hydroxide KOH is a strong base, which is used in industry to neutralize strong and weak acids, to control pH and to manufacture potassium salts. It is also used to saponify fats and oils, in industrial cleaners, and in hydrolysis reactions, for example of esters.
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) or saltpeter is obtained from natural sources such as guano and evaporites or manufactured via the Haber process; it is the oxidant in gunpowder (black powder) and an important agricultural fertilizer. Potassium cyanide (KCN) is used industrially to dissolve copper and precious metals, in particular silver and gold, by forming complexes. Its applications include gold mining, electroplating, and electroforming of these metals; it is also used in organic synthesis to make nitriles. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3 or potash) is used in the manufacture of glass, soap, color TV tubes, fluorescent lamps, textile dyes and pigments. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an oxidizing, bleaching and purification substance and is used for production of saccharin. Potassium chlorite (KClO3) is added to matches and explosives. Potassium bromide (KBr) was formerly used as a sedative and in photography.
Potassium chromate (K2CrO4) is used in inks, dyes, stains (bright yellowish-red color); in explosives and fireworks; in the tanning of leather, in fly paper and safety matches, but all these uses are due to the properties of chromate ion containment rather than potassium ions.
Niche uses
Potassium compounds are so pervasive that thousands of small uses are in place. The superoxide KO2 is an orange solid that acts as a portable source of oxygen and a carbon dioxide absorber. It is widely used in respiration systems in mines, submarines and spacecraft as it takes less volume than the gaseous oxygen.
Potassium cobaltinitrite K3[Co(NO2)6] is used as artist's pigment under the name of Aureolin or Cobalt yellow.
Laboratory uses
An alloy of sodium and potassium, NaK is a liquid used as a heat-transfer medium and a desiccant for producing dry and air-free solvents. It can also be used in reactive distillation. The ternary alloy of 12% Na, 47% K and 41% Cs has the lowest melting point of −78 °C of any metallic compound.
Metallic potassium is used in several types of magnetometers.
More about: Potassium Sale
Read more: Metal Compounds

What is Tin(II) iodide?

 

Tin(II) iodide
CAS:10294-70-9
Molecular formula: SnI2
Molecular Weight: 372.519 g/mol
Appearance: red to red-orange solid
Tin(II) iodide, aswell accepted as stannous iodide, is an ionic tin alkali of iodine with the blueprint SnI2. It has a blueprint weight of 372.519 g/mol. It is a red to red-orange solid. Its melting point is 320 °C, and its baking point is 714 °C.
More about: Tin(II) iodide sale
Read more: Metal products

Where to get Bismuth(III) iodide?

Bismuth(III) iodide is the asleep admixture with the blueprint BiI3. This gray-black solid is the artefact of the acknowledgment of bismuth(III) and iodide, which already was of absorption in qualitative asleep analysis.
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a characteristic clear structure, with iodide centres application a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres application either one-third or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer).
Bismuth(III) iodide forms aloft heating an affectionate admixture of iodine and bismuth powder:2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3
BiI3 can aswell be fabricated by the acknowledgment of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:
Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)
Since bismuth(III) iodide is baffling in water, an aqueous band-aid can be activated for the attendance of Bi3+ ions by abacus a antecedent of iodide such as potassium iodide. A atramentous accelerate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a absolute test.
Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions if advised with halide donors:2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
More about: Bismuth(III) iodide sale
Read more: Metal products

Properties of Ruthenium chloride

Ruthenium chloride is the actinic admixture with the adapt RuCl3. "Ruthenium(III) chloride" added frequently refers to the hydrate RuCl3·xH2O. Both the anhydrous and hydrated brand are aphotic amber or atramentous solids. The hydrate, with a arbitrary admeasurement of admit of crystallization, about approximating to a trihydrate, is a frequently acclimated starting complete in ruthenium chemistry
Properties of Ruthenium chloride
The anhydrous forms of Ruthenium chloride are able characterized but rarely used. Credible complete is usually able by heating aerial ruthenium metal to 700 °C below a 4:1 admixture of chlorine and carbon monoxide: the achievement is agitated by the gas allure and crystallises aloft cooling. Ruthenium chloride exists is two credible modifications. The atramentous α-form adopts the CrCl3-type analysis with connected Ru-Ru contacts of 346 pm. The aphotic amber metastable β-form crystallizes in a hexagonal cell; this analysis consists of complete chains of face-sharing octahedra with Ru-Ru contacts of 283 pm. The β-form is irreversibly acclimatized to the α-form at 450–600 °C.
Ruthenium chloride vapour decomposes into the elements at top temperatures ; the enthalpy change at 750 °C (1020 K), ΔdissH1020 has been estimated as +240 kJ/mol.
RuCl3(H2O)x reacts with carbon monoxide below mild conditions. In contrast, determined chlorides do not accede with CO. CO reduces the red-brown trichloride to bald Ru(II) species. Specifically, acceptance of an booze band-aid of RuCl3(H2O)x to 1 atm of CO gives, depending on the specific conditions, [Ru2Cl4(CO)4], [Ru2Cl4(CO)4]2-, and [RuCl3(CO)3]-. Addition of ligands (L) to such solutions gives Ru-Cl-CO-L compounds (L = PR3). Reduction of these carbonylated solutions with Zn affords the orange triangular arrangement [Ru3(CO)12].
More about: Ruthenium chloride sale
Read more: Metal products

Where to get MPDZ (7th)?

MPDZ (MUPP-1) is a large protein of 2042 amino acids that contains 13 individual PDZ domains. These domains bind to the C-terminal 4-5 residues of the target protein, localising the proteins to defined regions. The large number of PDZ domains in MPDZ allows the protein to form many connections with several different proteins thus helping to form the large protein scaffold assemblies found at tight junctions.
One of the identified binding partners of the 7th PDZ domain of MPDZ is the adenovirus E4-ORF1 that codes for an UTPase. This virus is known to play a role in tumor formation with the E4-ORF1 protein being identified as oncogenic. It is the specific interaction of the E4-ORF1 with MPDZ that causes cell proliferation as disruption of the MPDZ binding site prevents cell transformation. Hence, the 7th domain of MPDZ is targeted by the adenovirus E4-ORF1 whose function is important in controlling cellular proliferation.
More about: MPDZ (7th) sale
Read more: protein protease

What is MPDZ (3rd)?

Description of MPDZ (3rd)
Epithelial tight junctions perform a barrier role controlling the movement of water, solutes and immune cells through the paracellular pathway as well as defining the polarity of a cell. How tightly these functions are controlled depends on the composition of proteins at the tight junction. Some of the major protein families that form the "backbone" of the barrier are the zonula occludens (ZO) and claudins. MPDZ is a protein that interacts with various members of these families helping to form and regulate the tight junction structure. Reduction in levels of MPDZ at tight junctions for patients with breast cancer was correlated with a poorer outcome.
MPDZ (MUPP-1) is a large protein of 2042 amino acids that contains 13 individual PDZ domains. These domains bind to the C-terminal 4-5 residues of the target protein, localising the proteins to defined regions. The large number of PDZ domains in MPDZ allows the protein to form many connections with several different proteins thus helping to form the large protein scaffold assemblies found at tight junctions. It is believed that alterations in the composition of the tight junction proteins can have significant physiological effects such as the degree of severity of withdrawal symptoms from ethanol and the barbiturate pentobarbital was greater in mice with lower levels of MPDZ expression
More about: MPDZ (3rd) sale
Read more: Proteases Enzyme

What is Lead (II) iodide?

Lead (II) iodide (PbI2) or plumbous iodide is a bright yellow solid at room temperature, that reversibly becomes brick red by heating. In its crystalline form it is used as a detector material for high energy photons including x-rays and gamma rays.
Lead (II) iodide is toxic due to its lead content. In the nineteenth century it was used as an artists' pigment under the name Iodine Yellow, but it was too unstable to be useful.
Lead iodide can be obtained as a yellow precipitate by reacting solutions of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide:
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
It is sparingly soluble in cold water but quite soluble in hot water, yielding a colorless solution; on cooling it crystallizes as yellow hexagonal platelets.
More about: Lead (II) iodide sale
Read more: Metal products

Beta-Mediterranean anemia gene diagnosis kit (PCR-reverse hybrid method)

Description of Beta-Mediterranean anemia gene diagnosis kit (PCR-reverse hybrid method)
Beta-Mediterranean anemia gene diagnosis kit (PCR-reverse hybrid method) is commonly referred to as beta thalassemia. Beta-Mediterranean anemia gene diagnosis kit (PCR-reverse hybrid method) is inherited blood disorders that cause anaemia due to an underproduction of the beta-globin.Treatment can involve regular blood transfusions in more severe cases.
Mediterranean anemia gene for beta thalassemia is not evenly distributed among peoples. It is, for example, relatively more frequent in people of Italian and Greek origin, both of which are peoples from the Mediterranean. Because of this, thalassemia major has been called Mediterranean anemia.
More about: Beta-Mediterranean anemia gene diagnosis kit (PCR-reverse hybrid method) sale
Read more: chemical reagent

What is One--Stage Polybrene Test Kit for Cross-match (OSPT)?

Description of One--Stage Polybrene Test Kit for Cross-match (OSPT)
One--Stage Polybrene Test Kit for Cross-match (OSPT) is Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also known as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), is a biochemical technique used mainly in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample.
More about: One--Stage Polybrene Test Kit for Cross-match (OSPT) sale
Read more: reagents

What is Mercury(I) bromide?

Mercury(I) bromide or mercurous bromide is the chemical compound composed of mercury and bromine with the formula Hg2Br2. It changes color from white to yellow when heated and fluoresces orange when exposed to ultraviolet light. It has applications in acousto-optical devices.
A very rare mineral form is called kuzminite, Hg2(Br,Cl)2.
Reactions
Mercury(I) bromide is prepared by the oxidation of elemental mercury with elemental bromine or by adding sodium bromide to a solution of mercury(I) nitrate. It decomposes to mercury(II) bromide and elemental mercury.
Structure
In common with other Hg(I) (mercurous) compounds which contain linear X-Hg-Hg-X units, Hg2Br2 contains linear BrHg2Br units with an Hg-Hg bond length of 249 pm (Hg-Hg in the metal is 300 pm) and an Hg-Br bond length of 271 pm. The overall coordination of each Hg atom is octahedral as, in addition to the two nearest neighbours, there are four other Br atoms at 332 pm. The compound is often formulated as Hg22+ 2Br−.
More about: Mercury(I) bromide sale
Read more: Metal products

Description of LBP system

Description of LBP system
LBP system includes three parts, producer dyeing machine, sample transfer machine and special consumables, used in the cells of the pathology examination.
Dyeing machine:The producer dyeing process is monitored by special software , through the mobile manipulator to realize slides in dyeing, in the stationary state, can avoid the cells of the natural settlement to influence the producer when slides move.
More about: LBP system sale
Read more: reagents

Applications of Aluminium iodide

Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition AlI3, formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. As for the related chloride and bromide, AlI3 is a strong Lewis acid and should be protected from the atmosphere.
Applications
Aluminium iodide is employed as a catalyst to break certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.
Aluminium(I) iodide
The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer. In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the Al-I system, although composition AlI is unstable at room temperature with respect to the triiodide
3 AlI → AlI3 + 2 Al
An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with triethylamine, AI4I4(NEt3)4.
More about: Aluminium iodide sale
Read more: Metal Compounds