Caesium iodide is a very useful material with a transmission range from the visible region out to 70 microns through to a 2mm thick window. CsI is very soft and water-soluble and when humidity is relatively high polished surfaces may be damaged by moisture in the atmosphere. Principally used for Infrared Spectroscopic windows and also for beam splitters in FTIR Instumentation. CsI is also available thallium doped for scintillation applications. It is an ionic compound often used as the input phosphor of an x-ray image intensifier tube found in fluoroscopy equipment.
An important application of caesium iodide crystals, which are scintillators, is electromagnetic calorimetry in experimental particle physics, and is sometimes used for components in the widest range spectrophotometers. An extremely soft material, Caesium Iodide is extremely difficult to polish, and so performance is compromised for range. Doped with Thallium, CsI(Tl) is a useful scintillator which emits at a wavelength that is a good match for Silicon photodiodes. Arrays of Caesium Iodide are used in security imaging systems.
Caesium Iodide is hygroscopic and readily dissolves in water. This property means that it needs to be kept away from water and also makes it difficult to polish. CsI has a wider transmission range than the more common potassium bromide beamsplitters, extending usefulness into the far infrared. A problem with optical-quality CsI crystals is that they are very soft with no cleavage, making it difficult to create a flat polished surface.
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