What is Long Persistence Phosphors?

Long Persistence Phosphors can be mixed with various transparent resins, such as acrylic acid resin, polyurethane, epoxy, amino, polyvinyl butyral, and polyamide resin, becoming luminous paint and printing ink. The recommended percentage of long persistence phosphor in paint is about 10 - 50%, however, 30 - 60% in printing ink. First, these resins should be dissolved with some appropriate solvents into a solution, then long persistence phosphor will be added into the solution. Some anti-precipitating agents, ridding foaming agents and dispersing agents also need to be added into the solution, well mixed into a uniform solution by using a high speed mixer. However it must be avoided to grind them with mechanic abrader in order to keep the property of the pigment. In the case to use sand abrader becomes necessary, the grinding time should be as short as possible.
Some phosphor materials show a long persistent phosphorescence or afterglow, which can be exploited for various display, and signing applications such as paints and coatings for road signs, lighting, aviation and transportation, defense, construction, architectural design and decoration, accenting, artistic works, energy conservation, clothing and writing implements. Phosphorescent materials also find extensive application in photonics, in micro- (e.g., MEMS) and nano-devices.
Persistence times of ten hours or longer are now encountered in the literature and these materials have been named Long Persistence Phosphors (LPP). Only a few long persistence phosphors with outputs outside the blue and green spectral regions have been reported to date, and none on red or other long-wavelengths. Because their nature and of the fact that their mechanisms for capturing energy are complicated and not totally understood, there were no existing general techniques which allow the synthesis of the persistent materials with designated coloration (emission) and/or lifetimes. The greatest majority of the existing LPP’s are expensive, reactive toward moisture, of difficult manufacture or environmentally unsafe.
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